Lining for furnaces or stoves



Jan. "22, 1929. 1,699,728

7 F. N. WILLIAMS LINING FOR FURNACES UR STOVES Filed April 19, 1928 Jam jean? 1 WF'Z'Zz'owrJ s; ads-i117:

Patented Jan. 22, 1929.

UNITED stares 1,699,728 Ff" l 6 E.

.ea raur FRANCIS N. WILLIAMS, OF 'IA'UIITON, MASSAGI-IUfSETTS.

LCIINING POI-t FURNACES OB STOVES.

Application filed April 1a, 1923. Serial No. 271,324.

5 The principal objects of the invention are invention can be built into a stove or furto provide a lining adapted to be placed in a stove or furnace constructed for the burning of coal or wood, which will adapt the same for the burning of gaseous or liquid fuel; to provide a lining in such form that the efiiciency of the furnace as a gas or oil furnace will be materially increased over that of such furnaces now on the market; to provide for lining a furnace in accordance 1 with this principle, irrespectiveof the shape, size and use for which the furnace was originally designed; to provide a construction suitable for use in new or old furnaces and stoves to intensify and control the heat produced from the burning fuel by enclosing the burner within a cellular refractory liningat a point near the bottom thereof with suflicient air space above and below the burner to provide for proper combustion; to provide a perforated cover or dome therefor over the side walls of the lining: to provide for regulating the control of the heat developed by the fuel within the lining by the size and number of openings in the drum or cover part; to convert the transmission of heat by convection into radiant heat energy by the presence of the cellular lining; to provide means whereby the heat is adapted to pass through the openings in the side wall of the lining directly to that part of the fire box or combustion chamber exposed thereto; to provide for the transfer to the surface of that part of the combustion chamher or fire box that is in contact with the body part of the cellular lining, all heat possible by conductivity and diffusion and to provide for the escaping of the products of the combustion through the openings in the dome or cover part and the usual flues with which such furnaces are provided.

Other objects and advantages of the in vention will appear hereinafter Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which Fi 1 is a view through the center of a certain type of furnace, broken away and partly in section, showing a preferred embodiment of this invention applied thereto,

the section line being taken from the front 58 to the back;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cover of the cellular lining removed from the furnace, and

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one of the blocks of which the lining is formed.

The lining which is the subject of this nace when constructed and is capable of being introduced into one which already has been constructed for the burning of solid fuel. In either case the furnace wall 10 may be of any desired character and lined in any desired way, as is customary in this industry, or not.

inside the furnace and with its bottom located about the level of the usual. grate, andresting on the grate 11, if desired, 1 place my improved lining 12, which consists of a series of separate pieces of refractory material, each preferably provided with a number of comparatively large openings 9. These are built up as indicated in the draw ings and form the cellular lining, partaking of the shape of the'interiorsof the furnace to which it is applied preferably. Thus the invention is applicable to furnaces of all shapes and sizes including domestic stoves.

The top of the cellular lining is covered by a dome or cover 13 of refractory material, preferably of thesame nature as that forming the lining itself and provided with a series of perforations 14 for a purpose to be described. This covers the top of the lining and provides an interior hollow body within the furnace and takes up most of the u space in the lower part of the furnace.

At the front a space 15 is shown through which is introduced the fuel supply pipe 16, supplying a burner 17 which is of such size as to provide a suflicient amount of heat. Usually this burner will almost fill the bottom of the lining so as to direct the flames from the burner up the interior surfaces of the lining and enable them to heat the walls of the furnace directly both by convection and radiation through the openings 9 in the lining 12. y

It is to be noticed that this lining is of a cellular form, made in sections, preferably, for convenience in production. It is used for the purpose of controlling and intensity. ing the heat obtained from the burning of natural, artificial or mixed gas or oil within its walls.

The openings 9 in the side walls of the cellular lining can be made of whatever available size may be desired and are for the purpose of allowing the heat produced from the burning of the fuel to come into direct contact with the inner surface of the tire box or combustion chamber of the stove or furnace that may be exposed thereto through these openings. The openings in the dome 13 are for the purpose of allowing the fumes from the burning gases to escape into the usual flues and to provide the necessary draft. The control of the heat produced in this apparatus is regulated by the number and size of the openings in the dome. It is designed so as to provide the necessary draft and retain as much heat as possible consistent therewith.

The heat transferred by convection heats up the refractory lining and is then trans mitted as radiant heat energy for the purpose of heating up the furnace and keeping the heat more even. By providing the refractory lining and its cover to enclose the flame from whatever fuel it is desired to use, the heat radiating in all directions is reflected back against the lining. Thus there is little less and a very high efiiciency is maintained. The lining 1s heated to any desired temperature by the use of comparatively little fuel, because the radiant heat passes back and forth in all directions and imparts more heat to the refractory lining which again gives it out, partly in the form of radiation back across the furnace and partly as heat conducted through the lining to the furnace wall behind. The combustible gases that, ordinarily, would pass out of the furnace unconsumed are burned in this lire .box. This accounts for the high efiiciency. After the burner is turned off the latent heat within the refractory material will be available for a considerable length of time. At the same timethe interior of the furnace wall is exposed to the direct heat through the openings in the lining so that an intense heat can be obtained by this means in a very short time after the burner is lighted. Yet the advantage of a substantial continuous and uniform heat through the operation of the device is secured.

Although I have illustrated and described only a single form of the invention and shown it as applied only to a single type of furnace I am a are of the fact that the principle can be carried out without departing from the scope of this invention in furnaces of practically all types, shapes and sizes by a corresponding alteration in the size and shape of the cellular lining.

Therefore, I do not wish to be limited to any particular type of furnace or shape or size of lining but what I do claim is 1. The combination with a stove or furnace, of a cellular lining therein located in the combustion chamber thereof and formed of series of brick of refractory material, each having openings through which heat is sup plied to the insidesurfaces ofthe furnace and a fuel burner located near the bottom of said cellular lining.

2. The combination with a stove or furnace, of a cellular lining of refractory material engaging the side walls of the combustion chamber all the way around, a cover over the lining, and a fuel burner located in position to direct its heat into the interior of the lining, whereby the burner is enclosed in the space within the lining and below the cover.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature.

FRANCIS N. WILLIAMS. 

